Apparatus for hydrogenating coal, oils, and similar materials



w. R. TATE ET A1. 1,911,933

Filed Dec. 5, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet l May. 30, 1933.

APPARATUS FOR HYDROGENATING- COAL, OILS, AND SIMILAR MATERIALS May 30, 1933. b w* R, TATE .51j AL 1,911,933

APPARATUS FOR HYDROGENATING COAL, oILs, AND SIMILAR MATERIALS Filed Dec. 5, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 /5 Coding JacKef Pump.

PTGSS.

www1@- Patented `lil/lay Sil, 1933 1 UNT WILLIAM RONALD TATE AND HAuoL-D lIPAEKv sTErIrEivsoiv, orY NonToiI-oN-TEES, ENG- LAND, Assieivoias To IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED, 0E LONDON,

ENGLAND, A BRITISH coMrANY 1 APPARATUS Een IiYDaoeENATINe ooAn'oILs, ANDV SIMILAR MATERIALS Y,

Application eiea neemrer 5, 192e, serial iio`.411,ee7, and in (treatin-nain December 8, 192s'.

This invention relates to an improved method and apparatus for the destructive hydrogenation of coal, oils and similar materials. The kinventionconsists in the combination of peripheral heating of the reaction space by liet gas, which preferably participates in the reaction, and peripheral cooling of the external pressure resisting Wall by cool gas which preferably participates in the reaction. The invention further consists in the employment of peripheral heat retaining streams of reacting gas which are circulated in an amount which is a multiple of that participating in the reaction. The invention further consists in the methods of circulating and by-passing the reacting gas as hereafter described.

lVe do not claim broadly the employment of peripheral heating or .peripheral cooling.

As a result of these methods it is possible to provide a system whereby the necessary heat is supplied to the reaction material Without requiring external heating of the Walls of the high pressure'vessel in Which the reaction chamber is contained, to prevent the flow of heat from the reaction chamber to maintain the pressure-resisting Walls at a relatively low temperature, not exceeding 100-200 C. for example.Y

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

ln one form of the invention, which is illustrated in Figure l, a reaction space 1, is provided with ajacket 2, for the passage of hot gases which are supplied at a temperature not substantiallyl lower than that existing Within the reaction space so'fthat heat may be retained in the latter. The reaction vessel and jacket are mounted in a high pressure vessel 3, suitable lagging 4 being provided in the intervening space. The high-y pressure vessel in turn is provided with an Y internal jacket 5 for the passage of cold gases. The Walls of the reaction vessel, and of the two jackets Aare made thin Vto permit of the ready passage of heat. f

The method of Working is as follovvs.r Cold hydrogen is passed through the j acket' and thence to an external heater 4S VWhere its tem-- kperature is raised toa suitable degree, e. g, 4509 C. llhe gas is then passed through the jacket2 and on issuing at the other end is,

divided into tvvo streams, oneleading direct,-

l'y tothe reaction vesselandthe other to a preheater 7 Where it is mixed with coal, oil, etc.

PATENr oFF-ice Which is undergoingpreheating to the reac- Y tion temperature, say 4:2()o C. The coal'or oil, etc. is supplied by a press `8.

The reaction is slightly exothermic in the majority of cases, a. fact which'V should be borne in mind When regulating the tempera-- turev of the VheaterV Which should'be su'ch'thatV the hydrogen will take up the excess heat. v

i A second form of the inventionis illus-W i trated in Figure 2.` Thearra'ngeinent ofthe Y converter is as before, but the path of the' gases in the external vcircuits is diiferent.` In

this case the hydrogen issuing from the jacket surrounding the reaction space is divided into two streams, one joining the Ypreheated coal, p, or oil asV before'while the other is sentto a heat exchanger) Where it gives up its heat o tothe 'gas issuing from. the cold jacket 5, which gas then'is further heatedfin a heater 1 l0` and passed through the-,jacket 2. The cold to the external pressure-resisting Walls, andl gas issuing from the heatexchanger` 9 is further cooled at 1l, and'isy pumped round the jacket 5 oncemore, a suitable amount of makeup hydrogenbeingv added to compensatefor the part of the hydrogen Which is branched off` for participation in thereaction.

This arrangementlpermits of the' circulation of a large quantity of hydrogen through the cold and hot jackets While only a fraction of*k the gas is passed to the reactionehamber; s rlhe apparatus as shown in Figure 2 may obviously be modified' so lthat l,an inertfgas,

which takes `no' part in the reaction beV employed'as the heating and cooling agent,

Allk thatit is necessarytofdo is to disconne'ct-f-V the branch line runningto-preheater 7.

The apparatus maybe constructedofmild *i steel or of-aspecial.nickelfchromiuin steel. The lagging 4 consists of tightlypa'ckedasbestos or asbestos and cement. `Infthe ap ,pended claims. by destructive "hy'drogena tion is to be understood the reaction betvveencarbonaceous liquids and hydrogen une.V derpressure, whereby loW boiling products are formed directly Without an intermediate inner wall of said shell, an internal reaction vessel, a second thin-walled metallic shell surrounding said reaction vessel, spaced therefrom to form a second, inner jacket, means for` feeding liquid under pressure to said reaction Vessel, a heater for said liquid and means to supply gas under pressure to said jackets.' Y j 2. An apparatus for the'destructive hydrogenation of carbonaceous liquids under high pressurecomprising apressure resisting),` vessel, a thin-walledmetal shell inside said vessel and spaced therefrom to form an outer jacket, heat insulation in contact with the inner wall of said shell, an internal reaction ves- Y sel and spaced therefrom to form an outer jacket, heat insulation in contact .with the inner Wall of said shelhan internal reaction vessel, a second thin-walled metallic shell surrounding said reaction vessel, spaced therefrom to form a second, inner jacket,

meansfor feeding liquid under pressure to said reaction vessel, a heater for said liquid,

Vmeans to circulate gas under pressure inV said jackets, a heat exchanger, and connections thereto from said jackets.

In Y Witnessl whereof we have hereunto signed our names this 22nd day of November,

WILLIAM RONALD Litern. y vHAROLD ritiri; VsTiiriiiiNsoN.

sel,'a. second thin-walled metallic shell surrounding said Vreaction vessel, spaced there to form a second, inner jacket, means to circulate gas under pressure in said jackets, a heater, a connection between said outer acket and said heater, a'conn'ection between saidl heater andxsaid reaction'vessel, means for feeding liquid under pressure to said reaction vessel, and a heater for said liquid.

' Bilan apparatus for the destructive.hy-V1v drogenation Aof carbonaceous liquids under high pressure comprising` a pressure resistsaid vessely andspaced therefrom to form an outer j acket, heat insulation in contact with theinner wall of said shell,` an internal reaction vvessel, a second thin-walled metallic shellsurrounding said reaction vessel, spaced therefrom to form ay second, inner jacket, means to circulate gas under'pressure in said jackets, a heater, a connection between said outer jacket and said'heater, a connection between said heater and one end of said inner jacket, means to supply reaction liquid under pressure to said reactionv vessel, a heater for said liquid and a connection between the Aother end of said inner jacket and said heater. is

ing vessel, a thin-walled metal shell inside 4.111 an appara-'tus as set forth in claim i the provision of a by-passr connecting the end :of said inner jacket with said reaction ,5. AnapparatusfOr the destructive hydrogenationof carbonaceous liquids under high pressure comprising a pressure resisting vessel,.a thin-walled metal shell inside said ves-y 

